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The resale value of best-selling electric vehicles fell almost a third in the US last year, amid a wider slowdown in the growth of EVs across the developed world.
去年，在發達國家電動汽車成長普遍放緩之際，美國最暢銷電動汽車的轉售價值下降了近三分之一。
The second-hand value of the top-10 selling battery cars in the US, including models from Tesla, General Motors and Ford, fell an average of 28 per cent in 2023, data from CarGurus and compiled by HSBC show.
CarGurus和滙豐(HSBC)彙編的數據顯示，2023年，包括特斯拉(Tesla)、通用汽車(General Motors)和福特(Ford)車型在內的美國十大暢銷電池汽車的二手價值平均下降了28%。
In the UK, the value of used EVs fell about a fifth in the UK, far higher than the overall market where resale values dropped only 3.7 per cent, according to the bank which referred to Auto Trader data.
該銀行援引Auto Trader的數據稱，在英國，二手電筒動汽車的價值下降了約五分之一，遠高於整體市場的水準，後者的轉售價值僅下降了3.7%。
Resale values are a core indicator of a vehicle’s desirability, reflecting what a second-hand buyer is willing to pay for a model that is typically about three years old.
轉售價格是衡量一輛車受歡迎程度的核心指標，反映了二手買家願意爲一輛車齡通常在三年左右的車型支付的價格。
EV pricing “is likely only to get tougher in 2024”, said the bank’s analyst Mike Tyndall, who warned the wind down of subsidies in countries such as Germany and France “could force carmakers to get aggressive on pricing”.
該行分析師邁克•廷德爾(Mike Tyndall)表示，電動汽車定價「在2024年可能只會變得更加艱難」。他警告稱，德國和法國等國逐步取消補貼「可能迫使汽車製造商在定價方面採取激進措施」。
Carmakers are likely to have to erode what little profit margin they have in EVs in order to prevent them being undercut by new, cheaper models from China, he added.
他補充道，汽車製造商可能不得不削弱他們在電動汽車上微薄的利潤率，以防止他們被來自中國的更便宜的新車型壓價。
“It is difficult to completely focus on profitability since it risks losing market share to the EV-native new entrants that continue to remain price aggressive in the pursuit of market share.”
他表示：「很難完全專注於盈利能力，因爲這有可能使其市場份額輸給爲追求市場份額而繼續保持價格侵略性的電動汽車本土新進入者。」
Carmakers have warned of deeper than expected scepticism from mainstream buyers over EVs, forcing manufacturers to cut prices or scale back sales targets.
汽車製造商警告稱，主流消費者對電動汽車的懷疑程度超出預期，這迫使製造商降價或降低銷售目標。
Weaker resale values for battery cars means new EVs will be comparatively less affordable than petrol or diesel models that are expected to lose less value over the same period.
電池汽車轉售價值的減弱意味著新電動汽車的價格將低於汽油或柴油車型，而後者在同一時期的價值損失預計會較小。
The metric is key for setting lease prices, where a motorist will finance the amount of money that a vehicle loses over a three-year lease. The larger value loss will mean a greater need for finance.
該指標是制定租賃價格的關鍵，車主將爲車輛在三年租賃期內的損失提供資金。更大的價值損失將意味著更大的融資需求。
About 60 per cent of new vehicles in Europe are bought on a lease, while in some markets such as the UK it is more than 90 per cent.
在歐洲，約60%的新車是透過租賃方式購買的，而在英國等一些市場，這一比例超過90%。
The sharp declines in resale value will weigh on carmakers in markets such as the UK and California, where they must increase the proportion of their sales that are fully electric every year, or face hefty fines.
轉售價值的急劇下降將給英國和加州(California)等市場的汽車製造商帶來壓力，在這些市場，它們每年都必須提高全電動汽車的銷售比例，否則將面臨鉅額罰款。
Mike Hawes, head of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, which represents the UK car industry, said more incentives, as well as cheaper insurance deals and more charging points, were needed to encourage consumers to buy electric models.
代表英國汽車行業的汽車製造商和貿易商協會(Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders)會長邁克•霍斯(Mike Hawes)表示，需要更多的激勵措施，以及更便宜的保險交易和更多的充電樁，來鼓勵消費者購買電動汽車。
“Invariably we’ve got to the stage where we are through the early adopter phase, and we need to get into the mass market, and that’s never a linear transition,” he said.
他說：「無一例外，我們已經進入了早期採用階段，我們需要進入大衆市場，而這絕不是一個線性過渡。」
In the US, the used price of Tesla Model X, the worst performer, dropped 36 per cent compared to a year earlier. While a second-hand Model X would fetch $75,798 in December 2022, by last month this had fallen to $48,511 for an equivalent vehicle.
在美國，表現最差的特斯拉Model X的二手車價格同比下降了36%。2022年12月，一輛二手Model X的售價爲75798美元，但到上個月，這一價格已降至48511美元。
Other best sellers fell sharply, including Ford’s F-150 Lightning pick-up truck, which dropped 30 per cent from $90,245 to $62,540, and the Chevrolet Bolt, which fell 32 per cent from $26,325 to $17,901.
其他暢銷車型的價格也大幅下跌，包括福特的F-150閃電(F-150 Lightning)皮卡，從90245美元跌至62540美元，跌幅達30%；雪佛蘭(Chevrolet)的Bolt，從26325美元跌至17901美元，跌幅達32%。
In the UK, resale values for the Nissan Leaf and Renault Zoe — both older models — fell by a quarter, while the Porsche Taycan fell 21 per cent and the BMW i4 dropped 18 per cent.
在英國，日產聆風(Nissan Leaf)和雷諾佐伊(Renault Zoe)的轉售價格下降了四分之一，而保時捷(Porsche) Taycan和BMW(BMW) i4的轉售價格分別下降了21%和18%。
Carmakers are also increasing discounts to try to shift new EVs, both in the UK and US, as they face the challenge of convincing mass market buyers to shift to electric driving.
在英國和美國，汽車製造商也在加大折扣力度，試圖讓新電動汽車過渡，它們面臨著說服大衆市場買家轉向電動汽車的挑戰。
Roughly half of the new EVs on sale in the UK offer 0 per cent finance, sometimes with offers that effectively cut the price of a vehicle by a third. Other brands are offering straight cash discounts of up to 27 per cent, while the overall cash discounting “is at the highest level we have seen to date”, Tyndall added.
在英國銷售的新電動汽車中，約有一半提供0%的融資，有時提供的優惠實際上使汽車價格降低了三分之一。滙豐銀行分析師廷德爾補充稱，其它品牌正提供高達27%的直接現金折扣，而整體現金折扣「處於我們迄今見過的最高水準」。
In the US, discounting offers doubled during the course of 2023. All of the top-10 selling US EVs in the country have discounts, including $5,000 from Tesla for its Model 3 or Model Y cars, and more than $8,000 for the Ford Mustang Mach-E and the Hyundai Ioniq 5.
在美國，折扣優惠在2023年期間翻了一番。在美國銷量排名前十的電動汽車都有折扣，包括特斯拉Model 3或Model Y的折扣爲5000美元，福特Mustang Mach-E和現代(Hyundai) Ioniq 5的折扣則超過了8000美元。