尊敬的用戶您好，這是來自FT中文網的溫馨提示：如您對更多FT中文網的內容感興趣，請在蘋果應用商店或谷歌應用市場搜尋「FT中文網」，下載FT中文網的官方應用。
Welcoming a class of summer interns is a tradition in corporate America. But this summer, companies are bringing in fewer students, if any.
歡迎暑期實習生是美國企業界的一項傳統。但今年夏天，公司就算還招學生，數目也減少了。
Goldman Sachs hired 200 fewer summer analysts this year than in 2023. JPMorgan reduced the size of its own class of summer analysts by 600, more than ten per cent of the total. Tesla rescinded its internship offers just weeks before students were due to start.
高盛(Goldman Sachs)今年招聘的夏季分析師比2023年減少了200人。摩根大通將自己的夏季分析師團隊減少了600人，佔總人數的10%以上。就在學生開學前幾周，特斯拉取消了實習機會。
As US employers attempt to cut costs and increase efficiency, in anticipation of an economic slowdown, internships have been axed. Many companies have reduced hiring for white-collar jobs after recruiting too many new graduates in recent years, meaning there would not be enough jobs for more interns to move into.
隨著美國僱主試圖削減成本和提高效率，在經濟放緩的預期下，實習機會被削減了。近年來，許多公司在招聘了太多應屆畢業生後，減少了對白領職位的招聘，這意味著沒有足夠的工作機會讓更多的實習生進入。
US jobs site ZipRecruiter said postings for internships on its website fell 14 per cent between this summer and last. Listings for internships on Indeed dropped too, said Nick Bunker, an economist at the jobs site in North America.
美國招聘網站ZipRecruiter表示，從今年夏季到去年夏季，其網站上發佈的實習職位減少了14%。招聘網站Indeed北美的經濟學家尼克•邦克(Nick Bunker)說，Indeed上的實習職位也減少了。
“I think that’s broadly a reflection of the sectors that tend to hire for interns [having] seen a pronounced pullback in job postings, especially for those traditional, white-collar corporate positions,” Bunker said, adding that advertisements fell the most in finance and consulting.
邦克說：「我認爲，這大體上反映出，傾向於招聘實習生的行業的招聘廣告明顯減少，尤其是那些傳統的白領企業職位。」他補充說，金融和諮詢行業的招聘廣告數量降幅最大。
Companies have opened their offices up to college students eager to gain hands-on experience and valuable contacts since the 1960s. Over the decades, internships have evolved from cheap labour for coffee runs and administrative work to elaborate training programmes that resemble apprenticeships.
自20世紀60年代以來，公司就開始向渴望獲得實踐經驗和寶貴人脈的大學生開放辦公室。幾十年來，實習已經從打咖啡和做行政工作的廉價勞動，演變爲類似學徒制的精心設計的培訓項目。
The most competitive programmes at Wall Street banks, Big Four consulting firms, and tech groups have included on-campus recruiters, housing allowances and extravagant entertainment events billed as team-building exercises. That has made them prime targets for cost cutting, according to Matthew Hora, an associate professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison who studies internships.
華爾街銀行、四大諮詢公司和科技集團最具競爭力的項目包括校園招聘、住房補貼和標榜爲團隊建設活動的奢侈娛樂活動。威斯康星大學麥迪遜分校(University of Wisconsin-Madison)研究實習項目的副教授馬修•霍拉(Matthew Hora)表示，這使得它們成爲削減成本的主要目標。
“Internships are always one of the first things to go,” Hora said. “If I was a CEO and I was looking at things to cut, this would definitely be one of the first.”
霍拉說：「實習總是最先放棄的事情之一。如果我是首席執行長，我在考慮削減哪些項目，這肯定是首當其衝的。」
Sean McGowan, director of employer relations at Carnegie Mellon University, said companies had this year taken months longer than normal to commit to attending his college’s hiring fairs for summer internships. Those that did come relied more heavily on virtual interviews, instead of flying out recruiters to meet students.
卡耐基梅隆大學(Carnegie Mellon University)僱主關係主管肖恩•麥高恩(Sean McGowan)表示，今年，公司比往年多花了幾個月的時間才承諾參加該校的暑期實習招聘會。那些參加企業更多地依賴於虛擬面試，而不是派出招聘人員與學生見面。
A person familiar with Wall Street’s hiring procedures said the number of interns hired each summer tended to fluctuate alongside business needs. Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan declined to comment on their summer analyst classes. Tesla did not respond to a request for comment.
一位熟悉華爾街招聘程式的人士表示，每年夏季聘用的實習生數量往往會隨著業務需求而波動。高盛和摩根大通(JPMorgan)拒絕就其夏季分析師項目置評。特斯拉沒有回應置評請求。
The pullback has made the application season especially cut-throat for students. Recruiters saw sharp rises in the number of applications for each role as postings dried up. Goldman Sachs received 315,000 applications for fewer than 3,000 roles. JPMorgan received 493,000 applications, an 82 per cent increase from last summer, the chief executive of the bank’s asset and wealth management unit, Mary Callahan Erdoes, said in May.
這種回調使得申請季對學生來說尤其艱難。隨著職位空缺的減少，招聘人員發現每個職位的申請人數急劇上升。高盛的不到3000個職位收到了31.5萬份申請。摩根大通資產和財富管理部門首席執行長瑪麗•卡拉漢•埃爾多斯在5月份表示，摩根大通收到了49.3萬份申請，比去年夏天增加了82%。
“How hard it was caught everybody a little off guard,” said Lesley Mitler, a career coach who specialises in college students. “The application process for internships has become just as competitive as for full-time roles.”
專門爲大學生服務的職業教練萊斯利•米特勒(Lesley Mitler)說：「這讓每個人都有點措手不及。申請實習工作的競爭已經變得和申請全職工作一樣激烈。」
Pressure on students to land internships has intensified in recent years as university leaders are increasingly asked to demonstrate that degrees provide enough career opportunities to justify rising tuition costs, Hora said. Students are also turning to internships to bulk up their résumés as overall hiring has slowed, he added.
霍拉表示，近年來，學生在找實習機會方面面臨的壓力越來越大，因爲大學領導們越來越被要求證明學位能夠提供足夠的職業機會，以證明不斷上漲的學費是合理的。他補充說，由於整體招聘放緩，學生們也開始尋求實習機會來豐富他們的簡歷。
One of Mitler’s clients submitted 70 internship applications, and only received one interview and one offer.
米特勒的一位客戶提交了70份實習申請，但只收到了一次面試和一份錄用通知。
Not all firms have put their internship programmes on the chopping block. Kaseya, a Miami-based software supplier, doubled the size of its internship class to 24 this year. Applications also doubled, keeping the process extremely competitive, said Kaseya’s head of global recruitment Eric Lund.
並不是所有的公司都放棄了實習項目。總部位於邁阿密的軟體供應商Kaseya今年將實習生人數增加了一倍，達到24人。Kaseya全球招聘主管埃裏克•隆德(Eric Lund)表示，申請人數也增加了一倍，使招聘過程競爭異常激烈。
“For the first time in a few years, you actually have to work to get a job out of college,” Lund said, “and I think a lot of that is coming to a head for the interns.”
「這是幾年來首次，你真的需要努力才能在大學畢業後找到工作，」隆德說，「我認爲找實習也基本是這種情況了。」
The shift will probably leave more and more students competing for fewer roles, Hora said. But a growing number of employers tell him that they no longer have the resources to run the programmes.
霍拉說，這種轉變可能會讓越來越多的學生競爭更少的職位。但越來越多的僱主告訴他，他們不再有資源來運行這些項目。
“They say, ‘we just need all of our staff. We can’t have them mentoring some college students.’”
「他們說，『我們只是需要我們所有的員工。我們不能讓他們指導一些大學生。』」