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Russia is mourning the deaths of at least 137 people, including several children, in last Friday’s horrific terrorist attack on a rock concert on the edge of Moscow. Countries around the world will sympathise with the victims and their families, and the trauma the attack has caused to those living in the Russian capital and beyond. But many outside Russia will be enraged, at the same time, by a Kremlin narrative Kremlin that seeks, without evidence, to suggest Ukraine was somehow behind the assault.
上週五，莫斯科郊外的一場搖滾音樂會遭到恐怖襲擊，造成至少137人死亡，其中包括數名兒童，俄羅斯正爲遇難者舉行哀悼。世界各國都會同情遇難者及其家人，以及這次襲擊給居住在俄羅斯首都及周邊地區的人們造成的創傷。但與此同時，俄羅斯以外的許多人將會被克里姆林宮的言論所激怒，因爲克里姆林宮在沒有證據的情況下試圖暗示烏克蘭在某種程度上是襲擊的幕後黑手。
The atrocity signals the alarming return of Islamist-linked terrorism to Russian cities after a decade in which it had seemed in retreat, though the source today differs from the early 2000s. The Crocus City Hall incident has echoes of Moscow’s Nord-Ost theatre siege in 2002, where more than 170 people died, and the 2004 seizure of a school in Beslan in which 334 people, including 186 children, perished.
這起暴行表明，與伊斯蘭教有關的恐怖主義在俄羅斯城市捲土重來，令人擔憂。在過去的十年裏，這種恐怖主義似乎有所退卻，儘管如今的源頭與21世紀初不同。番紅花市政廳事件讓人想起2002年莫斯科Nord-Ost劇院圍攻事件，當時有170多人死亡，2004年別斯蘭一所學校被劫持，334人死亡，其中包括186名兒童。
Those attacks were carried out by Chechen militants fighting a separatist war against Russia, who had ties to al-Qaeda-related groups. Responsibility for the concert assault has been claimed instead by Isis-Khorasan, an Afghan-based affiliate of the Isis jihadi group. Isis-K struck Russia’s embassy in Kabul in 2022 and has been “fixated” on Russia for two years, according to the Soufan Center, a think-tank. The group accuses the Kremlin of having Muslim blood on its hands from Russia’s interventions in Afghanistan, Chechnya and Syria. Its claim to be behind the Moscow attack is reinforced by its release of bodycam footage.
這些襲擊是由與俄羅斯進行分離主義戰爭的車臣武裝分子實施的，他們與基地組織相關團體有聯繫。Isis聖戰組織的阿富汗分支Isis-呼羅珊(Isis-k)聲稱對音樂會襲擊負責。據智庫蘇凡中心(Soufan Center)稱，Isis-K在2022年襲擊了俄羅斯駐喀布爾大使館，並「盯上」俄羅斯已有兩年。該組織指責克里姆林宮干涉阿富汗、車臣和敘利亞，手上沾滿了穆斯林的鮮血。它聲稱是莫斯科襲擊的幕後黑手，這一說法因其公佈的隨身攝影機錄像而得到了加強。
The US has pointed the finger at Isis, and officials have confirmed they had intelligence this month suggesting Isis-K was planning an imminent attack in Moscow — which they shared with Russia under a “duty to warn”. The US embassy advised Americans to avoid large gatherings in the capital. President Vladimir Putin denounced the US warnings as “provocations”.
美國將矛頭指向了Isis，官員們證實，他們本月掌握的情報顯示，Isis-k正計劃在莫斯科發動一場迫在眉睫的襲擊——他們根據「警告義務」與俄羅斯分享了這些情報。美國大使館建議美國人避免在首都舉行大型集會。俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾•普丁譴責美國的警告是「挑釁」。
In a less authoritarian state, the population would be demanding to know why their security services failed to stop an attack whose possibility had been flagged, and why their president dismissed the alerts. They would ask whether sending thousands of troops to a senseless war, and diverting intelligence resources away from counterterrorism and into the fight against Ukraine — and suppressing internal dissent — has made the country more vulnerable. Putin, it should be remembered, was elected president in 2000 on a promise to keep Russians safe after mysterious Moscow apartment bombings that he blamed on Chechens.
在一個不那麼專制的國家裏，民衆會要求知道爲什麼他們的安全部門未能阻止一場已經標明可能發生的襲擊，爲什麼他們的總統對警報置之不理。他們會問，派遣成千上萬的軍隊參加一場毫無意義的戰爭，將情報資源從反恐轉向打擊烏克蘭，以及壓制內部異議，是否會使國家變得更加脆弱。要知道，普丁在2000年當選總統時曾承諾要確保俄羅斯人的安全，而在此之前，他曾將莫斯科公寓發生的神祕爆炸事件歸咎於車臣人。
Putin said late on Monday that “radical Islamists” committed the concert attack, but now needed to know who ordered it and “who benefits” — adding that the assault was “also part of the Kyiv regime’s attacks on Russia”. The president earlier claimed that four alleged assailants detained on Saturday had been attempting to cross into Ukraine. Kyiv has vehemently denied any connection. Appearing in court, the four reportedly Tajik men appeared to have been beaten, and videos have circulated showing their apparent torture. The concern is they are being brutalised to ensure they confess not just to the crime, but to a version that matches the Kremlin’s account.
普丁在週一晚些時候說，「激進的伊斯蘭分子」實施了這次音樂會襲擊，但現在需要知道是誰下的命令，「誰從中受益」，他同時表示這次襲擊「也是基輔政權對俄羅斯攻擊的一部分」。總統早些時候聲稱，週六被拘留的四名涉嫌襲擊者試圖越境進入烏克蘭。基輔方面堅決否認與此事有任何關聯。據報道，這四名塔吉克男子出庭時似乎遭到毆打，流傳的影片顯示他們顯然受到了酷刑。人們擔心他們受到虐待是爲了確保他們不僅承認犯罪，而且其說辭要與克里姆林宮的說法一致。
Blaming Kyiv may be, in part, an attempt to cover up failures by the president and his secret service cronies. But Putin has instrumentalised past terror attacks for his own purposes, and may be planning to do so again. To use the Moscow assault as a pretext for a further clampdown on Russians, or to intensify the war on Ukraine — including a new mobilisation — would be an outrage.
指責基輔在某種程度上可能是爲了掩蓋總統及其特勤局親信的失職。但普丁曾利用過去的恐怖襲擊達到自己的目的，並可能計劃再次這樣做。以莫斯科襲擊爲藉口進一步鉗制俄羅斯人，或加強對烏克蘭的戰爭——包括新的動員——將是一種暴行。
Friday’s attack should serve as an alarm call beyond Russia, too. In the past year Isis-K has also staged deadly assaults in Pakistan and Iran. While Isis itself may be somewhat diminished, events in Moscow show the threat of violence from its offshoots remains very real.
週五的襲擊應該成爲俄羅斯以外的地方的警鐘。在過去的一年裏，Isis-K也在巴基斯坦和伊朗發動了致命襲擊。儘管Isis本身可能有所減弱，但莫斯科的事件表明來自其分支機構的暴力威脅仍然切實存在。