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Shinzo Abe, a polarising, nationalist scion of an elite political dynasty and Japan’s longest-serving prime minister, defined an era of reform and invited the world to reassess the giant Asian economy under his “Abenomics” banner. He died after being shot during a campaign speech in western Japan at the age of 67.
安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)是一個精英政治王朝的後裔，是日本在任時間最長的首相，他定義了一個改革時代，並在他的「安倍經濟學」(Abenomics)旗幟下邀請世界重新評估這個龐大的亞洲經濟體。他在日本西部的一次競選演講中被槍擊身亡，享年67歲。
Abe’s second term in office, which stretched from late 2012 to the summer of 2020 and generated fandom, scandal and large-scale protests, stood in striking contrast with the decades that preceded it and his first short one-year stint as prime minister. His was an outsized incumbency, said political analysts, for an outsized political figure.
安倍的第二任期從2012年底一直持續到2020年夏天，期間產生了粉絲、醜聞和大規模抗議活動，這與他之前的幾十年，以及他第一次短暫的一年首相任期形成了鮮明的對比。政治分析人士稱，對於一個超常的政治人物來說，他的任期是超常的。
For years after the collapse of the 1980s stock and property bubble, Japan struggled with economic stagnation, a succession of prime ministers each lasting an average of around 18 months, and the nation’s creeping diminution on the global stage. Abe, who mixed domestic charisma with diplomatic verve, sought to redress all of that.
在上世紀80年代股市和房地產泡沫破滅後的多年裏，日本一直在經濟停滯中掙扎，歷任首相的任期平均都在18個月左右，日本在全球舞臺上的地位也在逐漸下降。將國內魅力與外交氣魄相結合的安倍試圖糾正這一切。
Born in 1954, Abe, a native of Yamaguchi prefecture, was a grandson of Nobusuke Kishi, a cabinet member during the second world war who was accused of being a war criminal after Japan’s defeat. Kishi was later exonerated and went on to become prime minister, and Abe’s family roots and upbringing shaped his nationalist view that the constitution the US imposed on Japan after the war needed to be rewritten.
安倍出生於1954年，山口縣人，是二戰期間的內閣成員岸信介的外孫。岸信介在日本戰敗後被指控爲戰犯，後來被免罪併成爲首相，而安倍的家庭根源和成長經歷塑造了他的民族主義觀點，即美國在戰後強加給日本的憲法需要重寫。
Despite his blue-blood background, his first stint as prime minister ended abruptly in 2007 after a little over a year due to chronic bowel disease. His political career appeared to be finished, but he made a stunning comeback in 2012 with a promise to lift the economy out of deflation through aggressive stimulus and monetary easing.
儘管出身貴族，但他的第一次總理任期在一年多後，因慢性腸道疾病於2007年突然結束。他的政治生涯似乎已經結束，但他在2012年捲土重來，承諾透過積極的刺激和貨幣寬鬆政策使經濟擺脫通縮。
Another central theme of his domestic agenda was “womenomics” — an acknowledgment that Japan’s female labour force had been structurally and unjustifiably underused for generations. Japan, he memorably told the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2014, “must become a place where women shine”. Like many of Abe’s reforms, though, the follow-through on womenomics, and the record in hitting targets for women getting senior management positions, was a thin shadow of his original rhetoric.
安倍國內議程的另一個核心主題是「女性經濟學」，即承認日本女性勞動力數代人在結構上和不合理地未得到充分利用。2014年，他在達佛斯世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)上令人難忘地表示，日本「必須成爲女性發光的地方」。不過，與安倍的許多改革一樣，他在女性經濟學方面的後續行動，以及在實現女性獲得高級管理職位的目標方面的記錄，都與他最初的言辭相去甚遠。
In his pursuit of national resurrection, Abe’s approach drew on deep-rooted beliefs and often eye-catching showmanship. In 2013, he addressed the New York Stock Exchange with an entreaty to foreign investors to “Buy my Abenomics”. Two years later, he brought Japan into the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a regional trade deal, quashing the opposition of the powerful domestic farming lobby in a way his predecessors could hardly have imagined.
在追求民族復興的過程中，安倍的做法利用了根深蒂固的信念和引人注目的表演技巧。2013年，他在紐約證券交易所(New York Stock Exchange)發表演講，懇求外國投資者「購買我的安倍經濟學」。兩年後，他帶領日本加入了區域貿易協定《跨太平洋夥伴關係協定》(Trans-Pacific Partnership，簡稱tpp)，以他的前任們難以想像的方式，平息了強大的國內農業遊說團體的反對。
In 2016, in a masterstroke of global soft-power supremacy, he appeared at the closing ceremony of the Rio Olympics dressed as the lead character from the computer game Super Mario. Abe’s act was designed to throw attention on the 2020 games in Tokyo — an event he had played a central role in bringing to the Japanese capital, but which would ultimately be postponed and overshadowed by the Covid-19 pandemic.
2016年，他扮成電腦遊戲《超級馬里奧》的主角出現在里約熱內盧奧運會的閉幕式上，這是彰顯全球軟實力霸主地位的神來之筆。安倍此舉是爲了吸引人們對2020年東京奧運會的關注——他在將這一盛會帶到日本首都的過程中，發揮了核心作用，但東京奧運會最終被推遲，並因新冠肺炎大流行而黯然失色。
“He created positive momentum after a dark period for Japan,” said Takeshi Niinami, chief executive of Suntory, the drinks group, who was also a leading adviser to Abe. Japan had still needed the former prime minister, Niinami said. “He created controversy, but that was fine because he also created healthy debate,” he said.
飲料集團三得利(Suntory)首席執行長、安倍的主要顧問新浪剛史(Takeshi Niinami)表示：「在經歷了一段黑暗時期後，他爲日本創造了積極的勢頭。」日本仍然需要前首相，新浪剛史說，「他引發了爭議，但這沒什麼，因爲他也引發了健康的辯論。」
A big part of Abe’s legacy lay in new trade deals and his push for “a free and open Indo-Pacific” at a time when globalisation was under threat. His vision was also instrumental in the creation of the Quad, a security grouping including Japan, the US, India and Australia, to counter China’s military and economic ambitions.
安倍的很大一部分政治遺產在於新的貿易協議，以及他在全球化受到威脅的時候推動「一個自由開放的印太地區」。他的願景對四方安全論壇的成立也起到了重要作用。四方安全論壇是一個包括日本、美國、印度和澳洲的安全組織，旨在對抗中國的軍事和經濟野心。
“Japan under Shinzo Abe had caught up with reality and succeeded in expanding its diplomatic horizon,” said Tomohiko Taniguchi, Abe’s primary foreign policy speechwriter during his second stint as prime minister.
「安倍晉三領導下的日本趕上了現實，成功地擴大了外交視野，」安倍第二次擔任首相期間的主要外交政策撰稿人谷口智彥(Tomohiko Taniguchi)表示。
The former prime minister was a consummate diplomat, flying straight to New York immediately after the 2016 election to present then president-elect Donald Trump with a gold golf club. And his unusual political longevity meant Abe became that rarest of things: a regular, dependable attendee at global and regional summits. After learning of the shooting, the former US president described Abe as “a true friend of mine, and, much more importantly, America.”
這位前首相是一位完美的外交官，他在2016年美國大選後立即飛往紐約，向當時的當選總統唐納•川普(Donald Trump)贈送了一根黃金高爾夫球杆。他不尋常的政治長壽意味著安倍成爲了最罕見的東西：全球和地區峯會的定期、可靠的與會者。在得知槍擊事件後，這位美國前總統稱安倍是「我真正的朋友，更重要的是，是美國的朋友」。
Tobias Harris, a political analyst who wrote a biography of Abe in 2020, said he was a unique figure in modern Japanese politics, not just for his political longevity and domestic legacy, but for the historic shift he engineered in Japan’s international standing.
政治分析人士託拜厄斯·哈里斯(Tobias Harris)在2020年爲安倍寫了一本傳記，他說，安倍是現代日本政壇的一個獨特人物，不僅因爲他的政治壽命和國內遺產，還因爲他推動了日本國際地位的歷史性轉變。
“He saw Japan waning and was determined to reverse that. Through his diplomacy, Abe completely changed Japan’s stature and the outside world’s expectations of what Japan would do,” said Harris.
「他看到日本正在衰落，並決心扭轉這一局面。」哈里斯說：「透過他的外交活動，安倍晉三完全改變了日本的地位和外部世界對日本的期望。」
Some of Abe’s diplomatic efforts fell flat, however, most notably in Russia where he failed to convince president Vladimir Putin to return disputed islands to Japan despite years of courtship.
然而，安倍的一些外交努力沒有取得成果，最明顯的是在俄羅斯，儘管示好多年，但他未能說服俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾•普丁(Vladimir Putin)將有爭議的北方四島歸還給日本。
In 2015, he risked political capital and high approval ratings by ramming through security laws to reinterpret the pacifist constitution so that Japan could to come to the military aid of an ally such as the US.
2015年，他冒著政治資本和高支援率的風險，強行透過安保法重新解釋和平憲法，使日本能夠向美國等盟友提供軍事援助。
In common with many of his predecessors, Abe’s premiership ended under a cloud of scandals. One concerned a cut-price sale of government land to a nationalistic school with close ties to the prime minister’s wife, Akie, who survives him. In 2019 Abe himself was accused of using a tax-funded cherry blossom party for political purposes.
與許多前任首相一樣，安倍的首相生涯也在醜聞的陰影下結束。其中一件是關於政府將土地低價出售給與首相夫人安倍昭惠關係密切的民族主義學校的事件，安倍昭惠仍然在世。2019年，安倍本人被指控利用稅收資助的賞櫻會來達到政治目的。
Harris said Abe’s death would have a profound impact on Japanese politics: if he had lived, he would have continued to cast a large shadow over current Japanese prime minister Fumio Kishida and any other successors. “He had a legacy to protect, and he would have been there to hand out praise, but also use his bully pulpit to provide correction if a successor strayed off track,” Harris said.
哈里斯說，安倍的去世將對日本政治產生深遠的影響：如果他還活著，他將繼續在現任日本首相岸田文雄和其他任何繼任者身上投下巨大的陰影。哈里斯說：「他有一份遺產需要保護，他會在那裏發表讚揚，但如果繼任者偏離了軌道，他也會利用他的天字第一號講壇(bully pulpit)提供糾正。」
Just two days before Abe was shot by a lone gunman in the western city of Nara, he was evoking his days as prime minister in a passionate stump speech near Yokohama station. Even after stepping down from Japan’s top job, he held continuing influence as head of the ruling Liberal Democratic party’s largest faction and was eager to complete his unfinished ambition of constitutional revision.
就在安倍在西部城市奈良被一名槍手槍殺的兩天前，他在橫濱車站附近發表了一場充滿激情的競選演說，回憶起自己擔任首相的日子。即使在辭去日本首相一職後，作爲執政的自民黨最大派系的黨首，他仍保持著持續的影響力，並渴望完成他未完成的修憲野心。
“It is our responsibility to protect this beautiful nation Japan,” Abe said, raising both his voice and fist to an enthusiastic crowd. “Let’s revise the constitution!”
「保護這個美麗的國家日本是我們的責任，」安倍對著熱情的人羣提高了他的聲音，揮起拳頭。「讓我們修改憲法吧！」
