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After France and Germany, Canada has become the third big economy to plunge into political turmoil weeks before Donald Trump’s return as US president. Finance minister Chrystia Freeland’s stunning resignation on Monday after falling out with Justin Trudeau has prompted calls for the prime minister himself to stand down — including from within his own Liberal party. Having leadership crises in three G7 democracies just when US allies must work together to deal with a new disruptive president in the White House is unfortunate. For Canada, the timing is especially poor. The crisis was precipitated in part by Trump’s threat of 25 per cent tariffs on Canadian imports, which could severely damage its economy.
繼法國和德國之後，加拿大成爲第三個在唐納•川普(Donald Trump)重返美國總統職位前幾周陷入政治動盪的大經濟體。財政部長克里斯蒂婭•弗裏蘭(Chrystia Freeland)在與賈斯廷•杜魯道(Justin Trudeau)鬧翻後於週一驚人辭職，引發了要求總理本人下臺的呼聲——包括來自他自己的自由黨內部。在美國盟友必須共同應對白宮新任破壞性總統之際，三大七國集團(G7)民主國家同時面臨領導危機，實屬不幸。對加拿大來說，時機尤其不佳。危機部分是由川普威脅對加拿大進口商品徵收25%的關稅引發的，這可能會嚴重損害其經濟。
The trigger for Freeland’s departure was Trudeau’s attempt to demote her last Friday, having reportedly courted Mark Carney, former central bank governor in Canada and the UK, to replace her. The finance minister and prime minister had been at loggerheads over the government’s plan for a wide-ranging exemption to Canada’s goods and services tax and a C$250 ($175) cheque for nearly half the country’s population. Critics have decried these steps as an effort to buy votes by a government trailing badly in the polls before elections due by next October, at the cost of a soaring budget deficit.
弗裏蘭離職的導火索是杜魯道上週五試圖將她降職，據報道，他曾邀請加拿大和英國前中央銀行行長馬克•卡尼(Mark Carney)來接替她。財政部長和總理在政府計劃對加拿大商品和服務稅進行廣泛豁免，以及向近一半人口發放250加元（175美元）支票的問題上意見不合。批評者譴責這些措施是一個在選舉前民調落後的政府試圖透過買票來拉票的努力，而代價是預算赤字飆升。
Freeland’s scathing resignation letter referred to “costly political gimmicks”, insisting Canada must keep its “fiscal powder dry” ahead of a potential tariff war with Trump’s US. The outgoing finance minister commendably presented herself as a guardian of fiscal responsibility, though she cannot escape association with the policies that have laid the cabinet low.
弗裏蘭在她措辭嚴厲的辭職信中提到「代價高昂的政治噱頭」，並堅持認爲加拿大必須在與川普的美國可能爆發的關稅戰爭前保持「財政儲備充足」。這位即將離任的財政部長值得稱讚地將自己呈現爲財政責任的守護者，儘管她無法擺脫與使內閣陷入困境的政策的關聯。
The nine-year-old government has fallen far from its onetime political grace, running 20 points behind right-leaning Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre. Like centre-left parties elsewhere, Trudeau’s government has struggled to address discontent over spiralling living and housing costs, and immigration. A country that was long welcoming to newcomers began to chafe at the ambitious immigration targets on which the Liberal-led administration relied to boost sluggish growth — opening the way for the anti-elite populist Poilievre. A government once seen as embodying hopes for a renewal of liberalism in western democracies has not been helped by what many now see as Trudeau’s sanctimonious style.
執政九年的杜魯道政府已經遠離了曾經的政治恩寵，落後於右傾保守黨領袖博勵治(Pierre Poilievre)20個百分點。像其他地方的中左翼政黨一樣，杜魯道政府很難解決對不斷上漲的生活和住房成本以及移民的不滿。一個長期以來對新來者持歡迎態度的國家開始對自由黨領導的政府依賴於雄心勃勃的移民目標以促進緩慢成長感到不滿——這爲反精英民粹主義者博勵治打開了大門。一個曾被視爲西方民主國家自由主義復興希望的政府，並沒有因爲許多人現在認爲杜魯道的自以爲是的風格而得到幫助。
Freeland’s exit, on the day another capable minister said he would stand down at the next election, suggests the prime minister has lost his government’s trust. Trudeau has said he will consider his position over the holidays. In reality, his party’s decline is highly unlikely to be reversed while he remains leader. Trudeau may believe he is best-placed to deal with Trump’s threat of tariffs on close to 80 per cent of Canada’s exports, given the relationship he built up during the president’s first term. But the returning US leader has been openly trolling him as the “governor” of the “Great State of Canada”.
弗裏蘭的離職，以及另一位有能力的部長宣佈將在下次選舉中退出，表明總理已經失去了政府的信任。杜魯道表示，他將在假期期間考慮自己的立場。實際上，只要他繼續擔任領導人，他的政黨的衰退就極不可能逆轉。杜魯道可能認爲，鑑於他在川普第一個總統任期內建立的關係，他最有能力應對川普對加拿大近80%出口產品徵收關稅的威脅。但這位迴歸的美國領導人公開嘲諷他爲「大加拿大州的州長」。
Trudeau should consider whether his continued leadership is in the country’s best interests. A new leader and fresh programme might yet be able to cap the Liberals’ election losses and limit the Conservatives to a minority — forcing them to govern with partners and potentially restraining a Canadian tilt to the populist right.
杜魯道應該考慮他繼續領導是否符合國家的最佳利益。一位新領導人和新的計劃可能仍能遏制自由黨的選舉損失，並將保守黨限制在少數派地位——迫使他們與合作伙伴共同執政，並可能抑制加拿大向民粹主義右翼的傾斜。
The crisis in Canada highlights how Trump’s return is already upturning politics in US allies even before he is inside the White House. It demonstrates once again the need for parties of the centre-left and centre-right to find better ways to counter the rise of would-be Trumps elsewhere. For Canada’s liberal standard bearer, however, the best way to safeguard his political legacy is to hand over to someone else.
加拿大的危機凸顯了川普的迴歸如何在他入主白宮之前就已經顛覆了美國盟友的政治。這再次表明，中左翼和中右翼政黨需要找到更好的方法來應對其他地方可能出現的「川普」崛起。然而，對於加拿大的自由派旗手來說，保護其政治遺產的最佳方式是將權力移交給他人。