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The world experienced its hottest year in 2023, with “climate records tumbling like dominoes” as the global average temperature reached almost 1.5C above pre-industrial levels, the European earth observation agency has said.
歐洲地球觀測機構表示，2023年全球經歷了最熱的一年，「氣候紀錄像多米諾骨牌一樣倒下」，全球平均氣溫比工業化前水準高出近1.5攝氏度。
Scientists from the Copernicus climate change service said that last year marked the first since records began in which every day was at least 1C warmer than pre-industrial levels, before human-induced climate change began to take effect.
哥白尼氣候變化服務中心的科學家表示，去年是有記錄以來第一次，每天的溫度都比工業化前——也就是人類引起的氣候變化開始產生影響之前——高出至少1攝氏度。
Almost half of the days of 2023 were 1.5C warmer, while two days in November were more than 2C hotter.
2023年幾乎有一半的日子氣溫上升了1.5攝氏度，而11月有兩天氣溫上升了2攝氏度以上。
The “unprecedented” global temperatures from June last year meant the average daily temperature of 14.98C was 0.17C higher than the previous hottest year of 2016, Copernicus said.
哥白尼方面表示，去年6月以來「前所未有」的全球氣溫意味著14.98攝氏度的日平均氣溫比最熱的2016年高出0.17攝氏度。
Nick Dunstone, a climate scientist at the UK Met Office, said 2024 would be “another record-breaking year”, as a result of the continued strength of the naturally occurring El Niño effect, which heats the Pacific Ocean surface and exacerbates global warming caused by greenhouse gases.
英國氣象局(UK Met Office)的氣候科學家尼克•鄧斯通(Nick Dunstone)表示，由於自然發生的厄爾尼諾(El Niño)效應持續強勁，2024年將是「又一個破紀錄的年份」。厄爾尼諾效應會使太平洋表面升溫，加劇溫室氣體造成的全球變暖。
The continued rise of greenhouse gases was “by far and away the largest contribution to global temperatures”, Copernicus deputy director Samantha Burgess said, with El Niño just “part of the story”.
哥白尼副主任薩曼莎•伯吉斯(Samantha Burgess)表示，溫室氣體的持續增加「無疑是導致全球氣溫上升的最大因素」，而厄爾尼諾只是「故事的一部分」。
Under the 2015 Paris agreement, countries committed to limiting long-term temperature rises to well below 2C and ideally to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels.
根據2015年《巴黎協定》，各國承諾將長期氣溫上升幅度控制在遠低於2攝氏度的水準，理想情況下比工業化前水準高出1.5攝氏度。
Although earth reached these temperatures repeatedly last year, those were short-term breaches and did not mean countries had failed to uphold the agreement on the long-term global average, Copernicus pointed out. But it warned that the high temperatures set “a dire precedent”.
哥白尼氣候變化服務中心指出，儘管地球去年多次達到這樣的溫度，但這些都是暫時，並不意味著各國未能遵守關於長期全球平均溫度的協議。但它警告說，高溫開創了「一個可怕的先例」。
“Following the current trajectory, in a few years time the record breaking year of 2023 will probably be remembered as a cool year,” said Carlo Buontempo, director of the Copernicus climate change service.
哥白尼氣候變化服務中心主任卡洛•布恩特波(Carlo Buontempo)說：「按照目前的軌跡，再過幾年，2023年這個破紀錄的年份可能會被認爲是涼爽的一年。」
Mauro Facchini, head of earth observation at the European Commission’s directorate general for defence industry and space, said the data showed “yet more evidence of the increasing impacts of climate change”.
歐盟委員會(European Commission)國防工業和航天總局地球觀測主管毛羅•法奇尼(Mauro Facchini)表示，這些數據顯示出「更多證據表明，氣候變化的影響越來越大」。
Scientists have warned that extreme weather events would become more frequent and intense as global warming continues and that urgent action must be taken to cut greenhouse gas emissions by almost 45 per cent by 2030 to limit warming to within 1.5C. It is now on track for almost 3C.
科學家警告稱，隨著全球變暖的持續，極端天氣事件將變得更加頻繁和劇烈，必須採取緊急行動，到2030年將溫室氣體排放量減少近45%，將升溫控制在1.5攝氏度以內。目前，全球升溫幅度已接近3攝氏度。
“Every tenth of a degree matters,” said Friederike Otto, senior lecturer in climate science at Imperial College London’s Grantham Institute. “Aiming to keep warming to 1.5C is more important than ever. But even if we end up at 1.6C instead, it will be so much better than giving up and not trying and ending up close to 3C, which is where current policies would bring us to.”
「哪怕0.1度也同樣重要，」倫敦帝國理工學院(Imperial College London)格蘭瑟姆研究所(Grantham Institute)氣候科學高級講師弗利德裏克•奧托(Friederike Otto)說。「將升溫控制在1.5攝氏度比以往任何時候都更重要。但即使我們最終升溫了1.6攝氏度，也比放棄、不去嘗試、最終升溫接近3攝氏度要好得多，從目前的政策來看我們將升溫3攝氏度。」
Earth experienced its hottest summer ever last year, with heatwaves, wildfires and flooding devastating many parts of the world, showing that governments were unprepared for the consequences of climate change, Otto said.
奧托表示，去年地球經歷了有史以來最熱的夏天，熱浪、野火和洪水摧毀了世界許多地方，這表明各國政府對氣候變化的後果沒有做好準備。
Last month also ranked as the warmest December on record, making it the seventh month in a row to break records. The average temperature in December was 13.51C, 1.78C above the 1850-1900 level for the month.
上個月也是有記錄以來最熱的12月，這是連續第七個月打破記錄。12月份的平均氣溫爲13.51攝氏度，比1850至1900年同期的平均氣溫高出1.78攝氏度。
The historical and permanent nature of climate change reflected in the data was emphasised by Copernicus. “Temperatures during 2023 likely exceed those of any period in at least the last 100,000 years,” Burgess said.
哥白尼中心強調了數據所反映的氣候變化的歷史性和永久性。伯吉斯說：「2023年的溫度可能超過至少過去10萬年的任何時期。」
A breach of the long-term 1.5C limit is increasingly likely, she added. “We are likely to overshoot 1.5C . . . That’s the basic physics of the system and the amount of warming that is locked into the system.”
她補充說，突破1.5攝氏度長期限制的可能性越來越大。「我們可能會超過1.5攝氏度……這符合該系統以及鎖定在該系統中的變暖量的基本物理原理。」
The scientist said global average sea surface temperatures were unusually high in 2023, reaching record levels for the time of year from April through December.
這位科學家表示，2023年全球平均海面溫度異常高，達到了每年4月至12月這段時間的創紀錄水準。
The El Niño effect has helped drive the higher temperatures over the past six months, but Copernicus said the natural phenomenon did not explain all of the increase in ocean surface temperatures, with record high sea surface temperatures outside of the equatorial Pacific as well.
在過去的六個月裏，厄爾尼諾效應幫助推高的溫度，但哥白尼中心表示，這種自然現象並不能解釋海洋表面溫度升高的全部原因，赤道太平洋以外的海洋表面溫度也創下了歷史新高。
The Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha’apai volcano eruption in 2022 also contributed to last year’s warming, as it released a plume of water vapour which helped trap heat in the atmosphere.
2022年的洪阿東加-洪阿哈阿帕伊島(Hunga Tonga Hunga Ha』apai)火山爆發也是去年變暖的原因之一，因爲火山爆發釋放出的水蒸氣有助於將熱量滯留在大氣中。
Copernicus scientists observed that greenhouse gas concentrations have reached the highest levels ever recorded in the atmosphere, at 422 parts per million against an annual average of 280 ppm before the industrial era.
哥白尼中心的科學家觀察到，大氣中溫室氣體的濃度已經達到了有史以來的最高水準，達到了百萬分之422，而工業時代之前的年平均濃度爲百萬分之280。